I-Carbon Footprint sisalathisi esilinganisa impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ingcamango "ye-carbon footprint" ivela kwi-"ecological footprint", echazwa kakhulu njenge-CO2 equivalent (CO2eq), emele ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezitshisayo ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lemveliso nokusetyenziswa kwabantu.
I-Carbon footprint kukusetyenziswa kwe-Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ukuvavanya ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu obuphezulu ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo okuveliswa yinto yophando ngexesha lomjikelo wayo wobomi. Kwinto efanayo, ubunzima kunye nobubanzi bokubalwa kwe-carbon footprint kukhulu kunokukhutshwa kwe-carbon, kwaye iziphumo zokubalwa ziqulethe ulwazi malunga nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon.
Ngenxa yokwanda kobunzima botshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo, ukubalwa kweenkqubo zekhabhoni kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Akunakusinceda nje kuphela ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa kukwabonelela ngesiseko sesayensi sokwenza amaqhinga okunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokukhuthaza utshintsho oluluhlaza kunye nolwekhabhoni ephantsi.
Umjikelo wobomi bonke be-bamboo, ukususela ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni, ekuvunweni, ekucutshungulweni nasekuvelisweni, ekusetyenzisweni kwemveliso ukuya ekulahlweni, yinkqubo epheleleyo yomjikelo we-carbon, kuquka isinki se-carbon sehlathi le-bamboo, ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ye-bamboo, kunye nomfanekiso we-carbon emva kokulahlwa.
Le ngxelo yophando izama ukubonisa ixabiso lokutyala amahlathi e-bamboo kwindalo kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ukuze kulungiswe imozulu ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-carbon footprint kunye nolwazi lokubhala iilebhile ze-carbon, kunye nokulungiselela uphando olukhoyo lwe-carbon footprint yemveliso ye-bamboo.
1. Ubalo-mali lwe-carbon footprint
① Ingcamango: Ngokwenkcazo yeSivumelwano seSikhokelo seZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu, i-carbon footprint ibhekisa kwisixa siphela se-carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iigesi ze-greenhouse ezikhutshwa ngexesha lemisebenzi yabantu okanye ezikhutshwa ngokudibeneyo kuyo yonke i-lifecycle yemveliso/inkonzo.
Ileyibhile yekhabhoni “luphawu lwe” carbon footprint yemveliso “, elileyibhile yedijithali ephawula umjikelo opheleleyo wobomi begesi ekhutshwayo kwi-greenhouse yemveliso ukusuka kwizixhobo eziluhlaza ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwenkunkuma, inika abasebenzisi ulwazi malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yemveliso ngendlela yeleyibhile.
Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi (i-LCA) yindlela entsha yovavanyo lwempembelelo kokusingqongileyo eye yaphuhliswa kumazwe aseNtshona kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye isekwinqanaba lophando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso. Umgangatho osisiseko wokuvavanya unyawo lwekhabhoni yemveliso yindlela ye-LCA, ethathwa njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokulula kokubala unyawo lwekhabhoni.
I-LCA iqala ichonge kwaye ilinganise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezinto, kunye nokukhululwa kwendalo kulo lonke inqanaba lobomi, ize ivavanye impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokukhululwa kwendalo, ize ekugqibeleni ichonge kwaye ivavanye amathuba okunciphisa ezi mpembelelo. Umgangatho we-ISO 14040, owakhutshwa ngo-2006, wahlula "amanyathelo ovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi" abe ngamanqanaba amane: ukumisela injongo kunye nobubanzi, uhlalutyo lwezinto ezikhoyo, uvavanyo lwempembelelo, kunye nokutolikwa.
② Imigangatho kunye neendlela:
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala umlinganiselo wekhabhoni okwangoku.
ETshayina, iindlela zokubala zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ngokusekelwe kwizicwangciso zemida yenkqubo kunye nemigaqo yemodeli: Uvavanyo lweMijikelo yoBomi oluSekelwe kwiNkqubo (PLCA), Uvavanyo lweMijikelo yoBomi oluPhumayo (I-OLCA), kunye noVavanyo lweMijikelo yoBomi oluHlanganisiweyo (HLCA). Okwangoku, kukho ukungabikho kwemigangatho kazwelonke edibeneyo yokubala i-carbon footprint eTshayina.
Kumazwe ngamazwe, kukho imigangatho emithathu ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe kwinqanaba lemveliso: “Inkcazo ye-PAS 2050:2011 yoVavanyo lwe-Greenhouse Gas Emissions ngexesha le-Product and Service Life Cycle” (BSI., 2011), “I-GHGP Protocol” (WRI, WBCSD, 2011), kunye “ne-ISO 14067:2018 Greenhouse Gases – Product Carbon Footprint – Iimfuno zoBuninzi kunye neZikhokelo” (ISO, 2018).
Ngokwethiyori yomjikelo wobomi, i-PAS2050 kunye ne-ISO14067 okwangoku zimigangatho emiselweyo yokuvavanya unyawo lwekhabhoni yemveliso ngeendlela zokubala ezithile ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni, zombini eziquka iindlela ezimbini zovavanyo: iShishini ukuya kuMthengi (B2C) kunye neShishini ukuya kuShishini (B2B).
Umxholo wovavanyo lwe-B2C uquka izinto eziluhlaza, imveliso kunye nokucubungula, ukusasazwa kunye nokuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi, ukulahla kokugqibela okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, oko kukuthi, "ukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya engcwabeni". Umxholo wovavanyo lwe-B2B uquka izinto eziluhlaza, imveliso kunye nokucubungula, kunye nokuthuthwa ukuya kubathengisi abasezantsi, oko kukuthi, "ukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya esangweni".
Inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwe-PAS2050 product carbon footprint inamanqanaba amathathu: isigaba sokuqalisa, isigaba sokubala i-carbon footprint yemveliso, kunye namanyathelo alandelayo. Inkqubo yokubala i-ISO14067 product carbon footprint ibandakanya amanyathelo amahlanu: ukuchaza imveliso ekujoliswe kuyo, ukumisela umda wenkqubo yokubala, ukuchaza umda wexesha lokubala, ukwahlula imithombo yokukhupha ngaphakathi komda wenkqubo, kunye nokubala i-carbon footprint yemveliso.
③ Intsingiselo
Ngokujonga ubungakanani bekhabhoni, singabona amacandelo kunye neendawo ezikhupha ukungcola okuninzi, size sithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokungcola. Ukubala ubungakanani bekhabhoni kunokusikhokela ekwakheni iindlela zokuphila ezikhupha ukungcola okuncinci kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa.
Ukubhala iilebhile zekhabhoni yindlela ebalulekileyo yokutyhila ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu kwindawo yokuvelisa okanye kumjikelo wobomi beemveliso, kunye nethuba lokuba abatyali-mali, iiarhente zolawulo zikarhulumente, kunye noluntu baqonde ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu kwiindawo zokuvelisa. Ukubhala iilebhile zekhabhoni, njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokutyhila ulwazi ngekhabhoni, kuye kwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngamazwe amaninzi.
Ukufakwa kweelebheli yekhabhoni kwimveliso yezolimo kukusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kweelebheli yekhabhoni kwiimveliso zezolimo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeemveliso, ukungeniswa kweelebheli yekhabhoni kwiimveliso zezolimo kungxamisekile ngakumbi. Okokuqala, ezolimo ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba kwaye ngumthombo omkhulu wokukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ukufudumala komhlaba ezingezizo iikhabhoni. Okwesibini, xa kuthelekiswa necandelo lemizi-mveliso, ukutyhilwa kolwazi lokufakwa kweelebheli yekhabhoni kwinkqubo yemveliso yezolimo akukagqitywa, nto leyo ethintela ubutyebi beemeko zokusetyenziswa. Okwesithathu, abathengi bakufumanisa kunzima ukufumana ulwazi olusebenzayo malunga nomgangatho wekhabhoni yeemveliso kumthengi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uthotho lwezifundo lutyhile ukuba amaqela athile abathengi azimisele ukuhlawulela iimveliso ezinekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye ukufakwa kweelebheli yekhabhoni kunokuhlawula ngokuchanekileyo ukungalingani kolwazi phakathi kwabavelisi nabathengi, kunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemarike.
2, uthotho lweshishini leBamboo
① Imeko esisiseko yekhonkco loshishino lwe-bamboo
Ishishini lokucubungula i-bamboo eTshayina lahlulwe laba phezulu, phakathi, nasezantsi. Ngasentla zizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezicatshulwa zeendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-bamboo, kuquka amagqabi e-bamboo, iintyatyambo ze-bamboo, amahlumela e-bamboo, imicu ye-bamboo, njalo njalo. Ngasentla kubandakanya amawaka eentlobo ngeentlobo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezixhobo zokwakha ze-bamboo, iimveliso ze-bamboo, amahlumela e-bamboo kunye nokutya, ukwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp, njl.njl. Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-bamboo ngezantsi kubandakanya ukwenza iphepha, ukwenza ifenitshala, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nokhenketho lwenkcubeko lwe-bamboo, phakathi kwezinye.
Izixhobo zebhambu zisisiseko sophuhliso lweshishini lebhambu. Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, i-bamboo inokwahlulwa ibe yi-bamboo yemithi, i-bamboo yeentshulube zebhambu, i-bamboo ye-pulp, kunye ne-bamboo yokuhombisa igadi. Ngokwendalo yezixhobo zehlathi lebhambu, umlinganiselo wehlathi lebhambu lemithi yi-36%, kulandele amahlumela ebhambu kunye nehlathi lebhambu elisetyenziswa kabini, ihlathi lebhambu lentlalontle yoluntu, kunye nehlathi lebhambu le-pulp, elibalelwa kwi-24%, 19%, kunye ne-14% ngokulandelelana. Amahlumela ebhambu kunye nehlathi lebhambu elihle zinomlinganiselo omncinci. I-China inezixhobo zebhambu ezininzi, ezineentlobo ezingama-837 kunye nemveliso yonyaka ye-150 yezigidi zeetoni zebhambu.
I-bamboo yeyona ntlobo ibalulekileyo ye-bamboo eyahlukileyo eTshayina. Okwangoku, i-bamboo yeyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzweni kwezinto zobunjineli be-bamboo, kwimarike ye-bamboo shoot entsha, kunye neemveliso zokucubungula i-bamboo shoot eTshayina. Kwixesha elizayo, i-bamboo iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili ekulinyweni kwezixhobo ze-bamboo eTshayina. Okwangoku, iintlobo ezilishumi zemveliso eziphambili zokucubungula nokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo eTshayina ziquka iibhodi zokwenziwa ze-bamboo, umgangatho we-bamboo, i-bamboo shoot, i-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha, iimveliso ze-bamboo fiber, ifenitshala ye-bamboo, iimveliso zemihla ngemihla ze-bamboo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla, i-bamboo charcoal kunye ne-bamboo viniga, izicatshulwa ze-bamboo kunye neziselo, iimveliso zoqoqosho phantsi kwamahlathi e-bamboo, kunye nokhenketho lwe-bamboo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Phakathi kwazo, iibhodi zokwenziwa ze-bamboo kunye nezixhobo zobunjineli ziintsika zoshishino lwe-bamboo eTshayina.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa uthotho lweshishini le-bamboo phantsi kwenjongo ye-dual carbon
Injongo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini" ithetha ukuba iTshayina izama ukufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni ngaphambi kowama-2030 kunye nokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni ngaphambi kowama-2060. Okwangoku, iTshayina yonyusile iimfuno zayo zokukhupha ikhabhoni kumashishini amaninzi kwaye ihlolisise ngenkuthalo amashishini aluhlaza, anekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye namashishini asebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho. Ukongeza kwiingenelo zayo zendalo, ishishini le-bamboo likwafuna ukuhlola amandla alo njengesinki sekhabhoni kwaye lingene kwimarike yokurhweba ngekhabhoni.
(1) Ihlathi le-bamboo linoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokusinki kwekhabhoni:
Ngokwedatha yangoku eTshayina, indawo yamahlathi e-bamboo inyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo. Ukusuka kwi-2.4539 yezigidi zeehektare kwiminyaka yoo-1950 kunye noo-1960 ukuya kwi-4.8426 yezigidi zeehektare ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21 (ngaphandle kwedatha evela eTaiwan), ukwanda konyaka nonyaka kwe-97.34%. Kwaye inani lamahlathi e-bamboo kummandla wehlathi lesizwe linyuke ukusuka kwi-2.87% ukuya kwi-2.96%. Izixhobo zamahlathi e-bamboo ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zamahlathi aseTshayina. Ngokwe-6th National Forest Resource Inventory, phakathi kwee-4.8426 yezigidi zeehektare zamahlathi e-bamboo eTshayina, kukho ii-3.372 yezigidi zeehektare ze-bamboo, kunye nezityalo eziphantse zibe yi-7.5 yeebhiliyoni, ezimalunga ne-70% yendawo yamahlathi e-bamboo yelizwe.
(2) Iingenelo zezinto eziphilayo zehlathi le-bamboo:
① I-bamboo inomjikelo omfutshane wokukhula, ikhula ngamandla, kwaye ineempawu zokukhula okuhlaziyekayo kunye nokuvunwa konyaka. Ixabiso layo eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwaye ayinazo iingxaki ezifana nokukhukuliseka komhlaba emva kokugawulwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokonakaliswa komhlaba emva kokutyalwa rhoqo. Inamandla amakhulu okususa ikhabhoni. Idatha ibonisa ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni ozinzileyo wonyaka kumaleko womthi wehlathi le-bamboo yi-5.097t/hm2 (ngaphandle kokuveliswa kwenkunkuma yonyaka), okuphindwe kayi-1.46 kunowe-fir yaseTshayina ekhula ngokukhawuleza.
② Amahlathi e-bamboo aneemeko zokukhula ezilula, iipateni zokukhula ezahlukeneyo, ukusasazwa okuqhekekileyo, kunye nokwahluka okuqhubekekayo kwendawo. Anendawo enkulu yokusasazwa kwejografi kunye noluhlu olubanzi, ikakhulu asasazwe kumaphondo nakwizixeko ezili-17, agxile eFujian, eJiangxi, eHunan, naseZhejiang. Angahambelana nophuhliso olukhawulezayo nolukhulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, enza iipateni ezintsonkothileyo nezivalayo zekhabhoni kunye neenethiwekhi ezinamandla zokuntywila kwemithombo yekhabhoni.
(3) Iimeko zokurhweba ngokususwa kwekhabhoni kwihlathi le-bamboo zivuthiwe:
① Ishishini lokuphinda usebenzise i-bamboo ligqityiwe
Ishishini le-bamboo libandakanya amashishini aphambili, aphakathi, kunye nawaseyunivesithi, ixabiso lalo lemveliso linyuka ukusuka kwi-82 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-415.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi ngo-2022, kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhula konyaka ongaphezulu kwama-30%. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2035, ixabiso lemveliso yeshishini le-bamboo lidlule kwi-1 trillion yeerandi zeerandi. Okwangoku, uyilo olutsha lwemodeli yetyathanga leshishini le-bamboo lwenziwe kwiSithili sase-Anji, kwiPhondo laseZhejiang, eTshayina, lugxile kwindlela ebanzi yokudibanisa isinki sekhabhoni yezolimo ezimbini ukusuka kwindalo kunye noqoqosho ukuya ekudibaneni.
② Inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo enxulumeneyo
Emva kokucebisa injongo yekhabhoni ephindwe kabini, iTshayina ikhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezimvo ezininzi ukukhokela lonke eli shishini ekulawuleni ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni. Ngomhla we-11 kweyeNkanga ngo-2021, amasebe alishumi kuquka i-State Forestry and Grassland Administration, i-National Development and Reform Commission, kunye ne-Ministry of Science and Technology bakhuphe "Iimbono zamaSebe alishumi malunga nokukhawulezisa uPhuhliso oluNtsha lweShishini leBamboo". Ngomhla wesi-2 kweyeNkanga ngo-2023, i-National Development and Reform Commission kunye namanye amasebe bakhuphe "iSicwangciso seMinyaka emithathu sokukhawulezisa uPhuhliso 'lokutshintsha iPlastiki ngeBamboo'". Ukongeza, izimvo malunga nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lebamboo ziye zavezwa kwamanye amaphondo afana neFujian, iZhejiang, iJiangxi, njl. Phantsi kokuhlanganiswa kunye nentsebenziswano yeebhanti ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kuye kwaziswa iimodeli ezintsha zorhwebo zeeleyibhile zekhabhoni kunye neenyawo zekhabhoni.
3, Ungabala njani umlinganiselo wekhabhoni wetsheyini yoshishino lwe-bamboo?
① Inkqubela phambili yophando malunga nophuhliso lwekhabhoni kwiimveliso ze-bamboo
Okwangoku, uphando oluncinci kakhulu malunga nekhabhoni yeemveliso ze-bamboo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokophando olukhoyo, ukudluliselwa kwekhabhoni kokugqibela kunye nomthamo wokugcina we-bamboo uyahluka phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ezifana nokuvuleka, ukuhlanganiswa, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwakhona, okubangela impembelelo eyahlukileyo kwikhabhoni yokugqibela yeemveliso ze-bamboo.
② Inkqubo yomjikelo wekhabhoni weemveliso ze-bamboo kulo lonke ixesha lobomi bazo
Umjikelo wobomi bonke beemveliso ze-bamboo, ukususela ekukhuleni nasekuphuhlisweni kwe-bamboo (i-photosynthesis), ukulima nokulawula, ukuvuna, ukugcinwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso, ukuya ekuboleni kwenkunkuma (ukubola), kugqityiwe. Umjikelo wekhabhoni weemveliso ze-bamboo kulo lonke ubomi bazo uquka amanqanaba amahlanu aphambili: ukulima i-bamboo (ukutyala, ulawulo, kunye nokusebenza), ukuveliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza (ukuqokelelwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-bamboo okanye amahlumela e-bamboo), ukucubungula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso (iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokucubungula), ukuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahla (ukubola), okubandakanya ukulungiswa kwekhabhoni, ukuqokelelana, ukugcinwa, ukuhluthwa, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwinqanaba ngalinye (jonga uMfanekiso 3).
Inkqubo yokulima amahlathi e-bamboo ingathathwa njengekhonkco "lokuqokelela kunye nokugcina ikhabhoni", ebandakanya ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo okuvela kwimisebenzi yokutyala, ulawulo, kunye nokusebenza.
Imveliso yezinto eziluhlaza yikhonkco lokudlulisela ikhabhoni elidibanisa amashishini amahlathi kunye namashishini okucubungula imveliso ye-bamboo, kwaye ikwabandakanya ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ngexesha lokuvuna, ukucubungula kokuqala, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwehlumelo le-bamboo okanye le-bamboo.
Ukucubungula nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yinkqubo yokuthathwa kwekhabhoni, ebandakanya ukufakwa kwekhabhoni ixesha elide kwiimveliso, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokucubungula iiyunithi, ukucubungula imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso eshiyekileyo.
Emva kokuba imveliso ingena kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa ngabathengi, ikhabhoni igcinwa ngokupheleleyo kwiimveliso zebhambo ezifana nefenitshala, izakhiwo, izinto ezifunekayo zemihla ngemihla, iimveliso zephepha, njl. Njengoko ubomi benkonzo busanda, indlela yokususa ikhabhoni iya kwandiswa ide ilahlwe, ibole kwaye ikhuphe i-CO2, ize ibuyele emoyeni.
Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe nguZhou Pengfei et al. (2014), iibhodi zokusika uqalo phantsi kwendlela yokuvuleka kweqalo zathathwa njengenjongo yophando, kwaye "Inkcazo yoVavanyo loKhupha iGesi yeGreenhouse yeeMpahla kunye neeNkonzo kwiLife Cycle" (PAS 2050:2008) yamkelwa njengomgangatho wovavanyo. Khetha indlela yovavanyo lwe-B2B ukuze uvavanye ngokupheleleyo ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni kuzo zonke iinkqubo zemveliso, kubandakanya ukuthuthwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukucutshungulwa kwemveliso, ukupakishwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla (jonga uMfanekiso 4). I-PAS2050 imisela ukuba ukulinganiswa kwekhabhoni kufuneka kuqale ekuthuthweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye idatha yenqanaba eliphambili lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokudluliselwa kwekhabhoni ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza, imveliso ukuya ekusasazweni (B2B) yeebhodi zokusika uqalo ezihambayo kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kuchongwe ubungakanani bekhabhoni.
Isakhelo sokulinganisa umlinganiselo wekhabhoni weemveliso ze-bamboo kulo lonke ixesha labo lobomi
Ukuqokelelwa nokulinganiswa kwedatha esisiseko kwinqanaba ngalinye lomjikelo wobomi bemveliso ye-bamboo sisiseko sohlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi. Idatha esisiseko ibandakanya ukuhlala emhlabeni, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kweencasa ezahlukeneyo zamandla (amalahle, amafutha, umbane, njl.njl.), ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada, kunye nedatha yezinto eziphumayo kunye nokuhamba kwamandla. Yenza umlinganiselo wekhabhoni wemveliso ye-bamboo kulo lonke umjikelo wobomi bayo ngokuqokelelwa kwedatha nokulinganisa.
(1) Inqanaba lokulinywa kwehlathi leembombo
Ukufunxwa kunye nokuqokelelana kwekhabhoni: ukuhluma, ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, inani lamahlumela amatsha e-bamboo;
Ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni: isakhiwo sehlathi le-bamboo, ubungakanani bokuma kwe-bamboo, isakhiwo sobudala, i-biomass yezitho ezahlukeneyo; I-biomass yomaleko wenkunkuma; Ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni yendalo yomhlaba;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni, ixesha lokubola, kunye nokukhululwa kwenkunkuma; Ukuphefumla komhlaba ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni; Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana nomsebenzi, umbane, amanzi kunye nesichumiso sokutyala, ulawulo, kunye nemisebenzi yeshishini.
(2) Inqanaba lokuveliswa kwezinto eziluhlaza
Ukudluliselwa kwekhabhoni: umthamo wokuvuna okanye umthamo wehlumela le-bamboo kunye ne-biomass yazo;
Ukubuya kwekhabhoni: iintsalela ezivela kwiinkuni okanye kumahlumela e-bamboo, iintsalela zokucubungula eziphambili, kunye ne-biomass yazo;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuveliswa ngamandla angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto, njengokusebenza namandla, ngexesha lokuqokelelwa, ukucubungula kokuqala, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezihlahla ze-bamboo okanye ze-bamboo.
(3) Inqanaba lokucubungula nokusebenzisa imveliso
Ukususwa kwekhabhoni: i-biomass yeemveliso ze-bamboo kunye neemveliso ezishiyekileyo;
Ukubuya okanye ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni: ukucubungula iintsalela kunye ne-biomass yazo;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle njengabasebenzi, amandla, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ngexesha lokucubungula iyunithi, ukucubungula imveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso eshiyekileyo.
(4) Inqanaba lokuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa
Ukususwa kwekhabhoni: i-biomass yeemveliso ze-bamboo kunye neemveliso ezishiyekileyo;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuveliswa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle njengothutho kunye nabasebenzi abavela kumashishini ukuya kwimarike yokuthengisa.
(5) Inqanaba lokulahla
Ukukhutshwa kweKhabhoni: Ukugcinwa kweKhabhoni kweeMveliso zeNkunkuma; Ixesha lokubola kunye nobungakanani bokukhululwa.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iifektri zamahlathi, amahlathi e-bamboo ayazihlaziya emva kokugawulwa nokusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphinda kutshalwe amahlathi. Ukukhula kwamahlathi e-bamboo kukwibhalansi eguquguqukayo yokukhula kwaye kunokuqhubeka nokufunxa ikhabhoni engaguqukiyo, ukuqokelela nokugcina ikhabhoni, kunye nokuphucula rhoqo ukuthuthwa kwekhabhoni. Umlinganiselo wezinto ezikrwada ze-bamboo ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ze-bamboo awukhulu, kwaye ukuthuthwa kwekhabhoni ixesha elide kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa iimveliso ze-bamboo.
Okwangoku, akukho phando olwenziweyo malunga nokulinganiswa komjikelo wekhabhoni weemveliso ze-bamboo kulo lonke umjikelo wazo wobomi. Ngenxa yexesha elide lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngexesha lokuthengiswa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuchithwa kweemveliso ze-bamboo, kunzima ukulinganisa umlinganiselo wazo wekhabhoni. Ngokwenyani, uvavanyo lomgangatho wekhabhoni luhlala lugxile kumanqanaba amabini: elinye kukuqikelela ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhutshwa kwayo kwinkqubo yemveliso ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwiimveliso; elesibini kukuvavanya iimveliso ze-bamboo ukusuka ekutyalweni ukuya kwimveliso.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-17-2024
