I-Carbon Footprint sisalathisi esilinganisa impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kwindalo. Ingqikelelo ye "carbon footprint" isuka kwi "ecological footprint", ebonakaliswa ikakhulu njengeCO2 elingana (CO2eq), emele ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse iyonke ekhutshwa ngexesha lemveliso kunye nemisebenzi yokusetyenziswa.
I-Carbon footprint kukusetyenziswa kwe-Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ukuvavanya ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo eyenziwe yinto yophando ngexesha lokuphila kwayo. Kwinto efanayo, ubunzima kunye nobubanzi be-carbon footprint accounting bukhulu kunokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kwaye iziphumo zokubala ziqulethe ulwazi malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Ngokunyuka kobunzima bokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo, ukubalwa kwekhabhoni yebhabhoni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ayinakusinceda nje ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi impembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu kwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa ikwabonelela ngesiseko senzululwazi sokuqulunqa izicwangciso zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso kunye nokukhuthaza inguqu eluhlaza kunye nekhabhoni ephantsi.
Umjikelezo wobomi bonke be-bamboo, ukusuka ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni, ukuvuna, ukucutshungulwa kunye nokuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ukulahla, yinkqubo epheleleyo yomjikelezo wekhabhoni, kuquka i-bamboo yehlathi le-carbon sink, imveliso ye-bamboo kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye ne-carbon footprint emva kokulahlwa.
Le ngxelo yophando izama ukubonisa ixabiso lokutyalwa kwehlathi le-bamboo kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso ukulungelelaniswa kwemozulu ngokuhlalutya i-carbon footprint kunye nolwazi lokubhalwa kwekhabhoni, kunye nombutho wemveliso ekhoyo ye-bamboo yophando lwekhabhoni.
1. Ubalo-mali lwekhabhoni
① Umbono: Ngokwenkcazelo yeNgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu, unyawo lwekhabhoni lubhekiselele kwisixa sisonke sekharbon diokside kunye nezinye iigesi zegreenhouse ezikhutshiweyo ngexesha lemisebenzi yabantu okanye ezikhutshwa ngokuhlangeneyo kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bemveliso/inkonzo.
Ileyibhile yeCarbon "yimbonakaliso" yemveliso yekhabhoni yeenyawo ", eyileyibhile yedijithali ephawula ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yobushushu obupheleleyo kumjikelezo wobomi bemveliso ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwinkunkuma yokurisayikilisha, inika abasebenzisi ulwazi malunga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yemveliso ngohlobo lwe ileyibhile.
Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi (LCA) yindlela entsha yokuhlola impembelelo yokusingqongileyo eye yaphuhliswa kumazwe aseNtshona kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye isekwinqanaba lophando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso. Umgangatho osisiseko wokuvavanya imveliso ye-carbon footprint yindlela ye-LCA, ethathwa njengeyona nto ingcono kakhulu yokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokulula kokubala kwe-carbon footprint.
I-LCA kuqala ichonge kwaye ilinganise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokukhutshwa kokusingqongileyo kulo lonke inqanaba lokuphila, emva koko ivavanye impembelelo yoku kusetyenziswa kunye nokukhutshwa kokusingqongileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ichonge kwaye ivavanye amathuba okunciphisa ezi mpembelelo. Umgangatho we-ISO 14040, owakhutshwa ngo-2006, wahlula “amanyathelo ovavanyo lomjikelo wobomi” ngokwezigaba ezine: ukumiselwa kwenjongo kunye nobubanzi, uhlalutyo lwe-inventri, uvavanyo lwempembelelo, kunye nokutolika.
② Imigangatho kunye neendlela:
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala unyawo lwekhabhoni okwangoku.
E-China, iindlela zokubala zingahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo yemida yenkqubo kunye nemigaqo yemodeli: Inkqubo esekelwe kwi-Life Cycle Assessment (PLCA), i-Input Output Life Cycle Assessment (I-OLCA), kunye noHlolo lwe-Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (HLCA). Okwangoku, kukho ukunqongophala kwemigangatho yesizwe edibeneyo yokubalwa kwe-carbon footprint e-China.
Ngamazwe ngamazwe, kukho imigangatho emithathu yamazwe ngamazwe kwinqanaba lemveliso: "I-PAS 2050: Inkcazo ye-2011 yoVavanyo lwe-Greenhouse Gas Emissions ngexesha leMveliso kunye neNkonzo yoBomi boMjikelo" (BSI., 2011), "i-GHGP Protocol" (WRI, WBCSD, 2011), kunye ne "ISO 14067: 2018 Greenhouse Gases - Product Carbon Footprint - Iimfuno zobungakanani kunye nezikhokelo" (ISO, 2018).
Ngokwethiyori ye-lifecycle, i-PAS2050 kunye ne-ISO14067 ngoku ziyimigangatho esekiweyo yokuvavanya imveliso yekhabhoni yemveliso kunye neendlela ezithile zokubala ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni, zombini ezibandakanya iindlela ezimbini zokuvavanya: Ishishini kuMthengi (B2C) kunye neShishini kwiShishini (B2B).
Umxholo wovavanyo we-B2C ubandakanya imathiriyeli ekrwada, imveliso kunye nokusetyenzwa, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa kwabathengi, ukulahlwa kokugqibela okanye ukurisayikilishwa, oko kukuthi, "ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya engcwabeni". Umxholo wokuvavanya i-B2B uquka izinto eziluhlaza, imveliso kunye nokulungiswa, kunye nokuthuthwa kubathengisi abasezantsi, oko kukuthi, "ukusuka kwi-cradle ukuya kwisango".
Inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwemveliso ye-PAS2050 ye-carbon footprint iquka izigaba ezithathu: inqanaba lokuqalisa, imveliso ye-carbon footprint calculation stage, kunye namanyathelo alandelayo. Inkqubo ye-ISO14067 yemveliso ye-carbon footprint accounting ibandakanya amanyathelo amahlanu: ukucacisa imveliso ekujoliswe kuyo, ukumisela umda wenkqubo yobalo, ukucacisa umda wexesha lobalo, ukuhlela imithombo yokukhutshwa ngaphakathi komda wenkqubo, kunye nokubala imveliso yekhabhoni.
③ intsingiselo
Ngokwenza ingxelo ye-carbon footprint, sinokuchonga amacandelo aphezulu kunye nemimandla, kwaye sithathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo okunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Ukubala unyawo lwekhabhoni kunokusikhokela ukuba senze iindlela zokuphila ezinekhabhoni ephantsi kunye neepatheni zokusetyenziswa.
Ukuleyibhelishwa kweCarbon yindlela ebalulekileyo yokutyhila ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kwindawo yemveliso okanye umjikelo wobomi bemveliso, kunye nefestile yabatyali-zimali, ii-arhente ezilawula urhulumente, kunye noluntu ukuba baqonde ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kumaqumrhu emveliso. Ukuleyibhelishwa kwekhabhoni, njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokudiza ulwazi lwekhabhoni, yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngamazwe amaninzi.
Imveliso yezolimo ileyibhile yekhabhoni lusetyenziso olukhethekileyo lokuleyibhelishwa kwekhabhoni kwiimveliso zezolimo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeemveliso, ukungeniswa kweelebhile zekhabhoni kwiimveliso zezolimo kungxamiseke ngakumbi. Okokuqala, ezolimo ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye nowona mthombo mkhulu wokukhutshwa kwerhasi ye-greenhouse engeyiyo ikharbon diokside. Okwesibini, xa kuthelekiswa necandelo lezoshishino, ukubhengezwa kolwazi lokubhaliweyo kwekhabhoni kwinkqubo yemveliso yezolimo akukagqibi, nto leyo enqanda ukutyeba kweemeko zezicelo. Okwesithathu, abathengi bakufumana kunzima ukufumana ulwazi olusebenzayo malunga nekhabhoni yemveliso kwisiphelo somthengi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uchungechunge lwezifundo luye lwabonisa ukuba amaqela athile abathengi azimisele ukuhlawula iimveliso zekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye ukubhalwa kwekhabhoni kunokuhlawula ngokuchanekileyo ulwazi lwe-asymmetry phakathi kwabavelisi kunye nabathengi, ukunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemarike.
2, ikhonkco loshishino lweBamboo
① Imeko esisiseko yekhonkco loshishino lwe-bamboo
Ikhonkco leshishini lokwenziwa kwe-bamboo e-China lahlulwe ukuya phezulu, kumbindi, nasezantsi. Emantla yimathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nezicatshulwa zeendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-bamboo, kubandakanywa amagqabi e-bamboo, iintyatyambo ze-bamboo, amahlumela e-bamboo, imicu ye-bamboo, njalo njalo. I-midstream ibandakanya amawaka eentlobo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nezixhobo zokwakha i-bamboo, iimveliso ze-bamboo, amahlumela e-bamboo kunye nokutya, i-bamboo pulp papermaking, njl. Ukusetyenziswa okusezantsi kweemveliso ze-bamboo kubandakanya ukwenza iphepha, ukwenza ifanitshala, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nokhenketho lwenkcubeko ye-bamboo, phakathi kwabanye.
Izibonelelo ze-bamboo zisisiseko sophuhliso loshishino lwe-bamboo. Ngokusetyenziswa kwabo, i-bamboo inokwahlulwa ibe yi-bamboo yokwenza amaplanga, i-bamboo ye-bamboo amahlumela, i-bamboo ye-pulp, kunye ne-bamboo yokuhombisa igadi. Ukusuka kwindalo yemithombo yamahlathi e-bamboo, umyinge wehlathi le-bamboo yi-36%, ilandelwa ngamahlumelo e-bamboo kunye nehlathi le-bamboo elisetyenziswa kabini, ihlathi lentlalontle yoluntu lwentlalontle, kunye nehlathi le-pulp bamboo, libalelwa kwi-24%, 19%, kunye I-14% ngokulandelelanayo. Amahlumela e-bamboo kunye nehlathi elibukekayo le-bamboo linomlinganiselo omncinci. I-China inezixhobo ezininzi ze-bamboo, ezineentlobo ezingama-837 kunye nemveliso yonyaka ye-150 yezigidi zeetoni ze-bamboo.
I-bamboo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiintlobo ze-bamboo ezizodwa eTshayina. Okwangoku, i-bamboo yeyona nto iphambili yemathiriyeli yobunjineli be-bamboo, imakethi entsha ye-bamboo shoot, kunye neemveliso zokucutshulwa kwe-bamboo e-China. Kwixesha elizayo, i-bamboo iya kuhlala isisiseko sokulinywa kwezixhobo ze-bamboo e-China. Okwangoku, iintlobo ezilishumi zokusetyenzwa kwe-bamboo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso e-China ziquka iibhodi ezenziwe nge-bamboo, umgangatho we-bamboo, amahlumela e-bamboo, i-pulp ye-bamboo kunye nokwenza iphepha, iimveliso ze-bamboo fiber, ifanitshala ye-bamboo, iimveliso zemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi yezandla, i-bamboo charcoal kunye ne-bamboo iviniga. , i-bamboo extracts kunye neziphuzo, iimveliso zezoqoqosho phantsi kwamahlathi e-bamboo, kunye nokhenketho lwe-bamboo kunye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Phakathi kwazo, iibhodi ezenziwe nge-bamboo kunye nezixhobo zobunjineli ziintsika zeshishini laseTshayina le-bamboo.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa ikhonkco leshishini le-bamboo phantsi kweenjongo zekhabhoni ezimbini
Injongo "yekhabhoni ezimbini" ithetha ukuba iChina izama ukufezekisa i-carbon peak ngaphambi kwe-2030 kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngaphambi kwe-2060. Okwangoku, i-China iye yandisa iimfuno zayo zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kumashishini amaninzi kwaye ihlolisise ngokunyanisekileyo amashishini aluhlaza, aphantsi, kunye nezoqoqosho. Ukongeza kwiinzuzo zayo zendalo, ishishini le-bamboo nalo lifuna ukuphonononga amandla alo njenge-carbon sink kunye nokungena kwimarike yokuthengisa ikhabhoni.
(1) Ihlathi le-Bamboo linoluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo ye-carbon sink:
Ngokutsho kwedatha yangoku e-China, indawo yamahlathi e-bamboo iye yanda kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-50 edlulileyo. Ukusuka kwi-2.4539 yezigidi zeehektare ngo-1950 kunye no-1960 ukuya kwi-4.8426 yezigidi zeehektare ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21 (ngaphandle kwedatha evela eTaiwan), ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-97.34%. Kwaye umlinganiselo wamahlathi e-bamboo kwindawo yamahlathi kazwelonke uye wanda ukusuka kwi-2.87% ukuya kwi-2.96%. Imithombo yamahlathi e-bamboo ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemithombo yamahlathi aseTshayina. Ngokutsho kwe-6th National Forest Resource Inventory, phakathi kwe-4.8426 yezigidi zeehektare zamahlathi e-bamboo e-China, kukho i-3.372 yezigidi zeehektare ze-bamboo, kunye nezityalo eziphantse zibe yi-7.5 yeebhiliyoni, ezibalelwa malunga ne-70% yendawo yehlathi le-bamboo yelizwe.
(2) Izinto eziluncedo kwizinto eziphilayo zamahlathi e-bamboo:
① I-Bamboo inomjikelezo omfutshane wokukhula, ukukhula okunamandla okugqabhuka, kwaye ineempawu zokukhula okuvuselelekayo kunye nokuvuna ngonyaka. Inexabiso eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwaye ayinayo ingxaki efana nokukhukuliseka komhlaba emva kokugawulwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuthotywa komhlaba emva kokutyala ngokuqhubekayo. Inesakhono esikhulu sokuthinjwa kwekhabhoni. Idatha ibonisa ukuba umxholo wekhabhoni omiselweyo wonyaka kuluhlu lomthi wehlathi le-bamboo yi-5.097t / hm2 (ngaphandle kwemveliso ye-litter yonyaka), eyi-1.46 amaxesha e-fir yaseTshayina ekhula ngokukhawuleza.
② Amahlathi e-bamboo aneemeko ezilula zokukhula, iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zokukhula, ukusabalalisa okuqhekezayo, kunye nokwahluka kwendawo okuqhubekayo. Zinendawo enkulu yokusasazwa ngokwejografi kunye noluhlu olubanzi, ikakhulu isasazwe kumaphondo angama-17 kunye nezixeko, ezigxile eFujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, naseZhejiang. Ziyakwazi ukuhambelana nophuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nobukhulu obukhulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, ukwenza iipateni ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokuvala ikhabhoni ye-spatiotemporal kunye ne-carbon source sink network networks dynamic.
(3) Iimeko zokuthengiswa kwekhabhoni yehlathi le-bamboo zivuthiwe:
① Ushishino lokurisayikilisha lwe bamboo lugqibelele noko
Ushishino lwe-bamboo lunwenwela kuwo wonke amashishini aphambili, amabanga aphakathi, kunye namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, ngexabiso lemveliso elonyukayo ukusuka kwi-82 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-415.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2022, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezulu kwe-30%. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2035, ixabiso lemveliso ye-bamboo ishishini liya kudlula i-1 trillion ye-yuan. Okwangoku, imodeli entsha yemodeli ye-bamboo yemodeli yenziwe kwi-Anji County, kwiPhondo lase-Zhejiang, e-China, igxininise kwindlela ebanzi yokuhlanganiswa kwe-carbon sink yezolimo ukusuka kwindalo kunye noqoqosho ukuya kudityaniswa.
② Inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo enxulumeneyo
Emva kokuphakamisa i-carbon target, i-China ikhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezimvo ezininzi zokukhokela lonke ishishini ekulawuleni ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Ngomhla we-11 kaNovemba, i-2021, amasebe alishumi aquka i-State Forestry and Grassland Administration, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe, kunye neSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neThekhnoloji likhuphe "Iimbono zamaSebe alishumi ngokuKhawuleza uPhuhliso oluNtsha lwe-Bamboo Industry". Ngomhla wesi-2 kuNovemba wama-2023, iKomishoni yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe kunye namanye amasebe ngokuhlangeneyo akhuphe “iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seMinyaka emiThathu sokuKhawulezisa uPhuhliso 'loTshintsho lwePlastiki ngeBamboo'”. Ukongeza, izimvo zokukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino lwe-bamboo zibekwe phambili kwamanye amaphondo afana neFujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, njl njl. Ngaphantsi kokuhlanganiswa kunye nentsebenziswano yamabhanti amashishini ahlukeneyo, iimodeli ezintsha zokurhweba iileyibhile zekhabhoni kunye neenyawo zekhabhoni ziye zaziswa. .
3, Indlela yokubala i-carbon footprint yekhonkco loshishino lwe-bamboo?
① Inkqubela phambili yophando kwikhabhon footprint yeemveliso zoqalo
Okwangoku, kukho uphando oluncinci malunga nekhabhoni yemveliso ye-bamboo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokutsho kophando olukhoyo, ukuhanjiswa kwekhabhoni yokugqibela kunye nomthamo wokugcina we-bamboo uyahluka phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa ezifana nokutyhila, ukudibanisa, kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona, okukhokelela kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwi-carbon footprint yokugqibela yeemveliso ze-bamboo.
② Inkqubo yomjikelo wekhabhoni yeemveliso ze-bamboo kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo wobomi
Umjikelezo wobomi bonke beemveliso ze-bamboo, ukusuka ekukhuleni kwe-bamboo kunye nophuhliso (i-photosynthesis), ukulima kunye nokulawula, ukuvuna, ukugcinwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukutshabalalisa ukubola (ukubola), kugqityiwe. Umjikelo wekhabhoni yeemveliso ze-bamboo kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo wobomi ubandakanya amanqanaba amahlanu aphambili: ukulinywa kwe-bamboo (ukutyalwa, ukulawula, kunye nokusebenza), ukuveliswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada (ukuqokelela, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-bamboo okanye amahlumela e-bamboo), ukusetyenzwa kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa (iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha ukusetyenzwa), ukuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahla (ukubola), okubandakanya ukulungiswa kwekhabhoni, ukuqokelela, ukugcinwa, ukuhluthwa, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwinqanaba ngalinye (jonga uMfanekiso 3).
Inkqubo yokulima amahlathi e-bamboo inokuthathwa njengekhonkco "ye-carbon accumulation and storage", ebandakanya ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ukusuka ekutyaleni, ekulawuleni nasekusebenzeni imisebenzi.
Imveliso yezinto ezikrwada likhonkco lokuhanjiswa kwekhabhoni elidibanisa amashishini amahlathi kunye namashishini okwenziwa kwemveliso ye-bamboo, kwaye ibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo ngexesha lokuvuna, ukusetyenzwa kokuqala, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-bamboo okanye ihlumela le-bamboo.
Ukusetyenzwa kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa yinkqubo yokuhluthwa kwekhabhoni, ebandakanya ukulungiswa kwexesha elide lekhabhoni kwiimveliso, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusetyenzwa kweeyunithi, ukulungiswa kwemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.
Emva kokuba imveliso ingena kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwabathengi, i-carbon igxininiswe ngokupheleleyo kwiimveliso ze-bamboo ezifana nefenitshala, izakhiwo, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, iimveliso zephepha, njl. Njengoko ubomi benkonzo bukhula, umkhuba wokuhluthwa kwekhabhoni uya kwandiswa de ulahlwe, ukubola nokukhupha i-CO2, kunye nokubuyela emoyeni.
Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa nguZhou Pengfei et al. (2014), iibhodi zokusika i-bamboo phantsi kwendlela evulekileyo ye-bamboo zathathwa njengento yophando, kwaye "Inkcazo yoVavanyo lweGas yeGreenhouse Emissions yeMpahla kunye neeNkonzo kuMjikelo woBomi" (PAS 2050: 2008) yamkelwa njengomgangatho wovavanyo. . Khetha indlela yokuvavanya i-B2B yokuvavanya ngokubanzi ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni diokside kunye nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni yazo zonke iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kubandakanywa ukuthuthwa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukulungiswa kwemveliso, ukupakishwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto (jonga umfanekiso 4). I-PAS2050 imisela ukuba i-carbon footprint measurement kufuneka iqale ekuthuthweni kwezinto ezikrwada, kwaye inqanaba lokuqala ledatha yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuhanjiswa kwekhabhoni ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada, imveliso ukuya kusasazo (B2B) yeebhodi zokusika ze-bamboo eziphathwayo kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo ukumisela ubungakanani Imibhalo yenyawo yekhabhoni.
Isakhelo sokulinganisa isiseko sekhabhoni yeemveliso ze-bamboo kubo bonke ubomi babo
Ukuqokelela kunye nokulinganisa idatha esisiseko kwisigaba ngasinye sobomi bemveliso ye-bamboo sisiseko sohlalutyo lobomi. Idatha esisiseko ibandakanya ukuhlala komhlaba, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlukeneyo (amalahle, amafutha, umbane, njl.njl.), ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada eyahlukahlukeneyo, kunye nesiphumo semathiriyeli kunye nedatha yokuhamba kwamandla. Ukuqhuba umlinganiselo wekhabhoni yeemveliso ze-bamboo kubo bonke ubomi babo ngokuqokelela idatha kunye nomlinganiselo.
(1) Inqanaba lokulinywa kwehlathi le-bamboo
Ukufunxwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuqokelelana: ukuhluma, ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, inani lamahlumelo amatsha e-bamboo;
Ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni: isakhiwo sehlathi le-bamboo, isidanga sokuma se-bamboo, isakhiwo sobudala, i-biomass yamalungu ahlukeneyo; I-biomass yomaleko wenkunkuma; Ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni yendalo yomhlaba;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni, ixesha lokubola, kunye nokukhululwa kwenkunkuma; Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yokuphefumla komhlaba; Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eveliswa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana nabasebenzi, amandla, amanzi kunye nesichumisi sokutyala, ukulawula, kunye nemisebenzi yezoshishino.
(2) Inqanaba lemveliso yezinto ezikrwada
Ukudluliselwa kwekhabhoni: umthamo wokuvuna okanye umthamo we-bamboo shoot kunye ne-biomass yazo;
Ukubuyiswa kwekhabhoni: iintsalela ezivela ekugawulweni kwemithi okanye kwihlumela le-bamboo, iintsalela zokucubungula eziphambili, kunye ne-biomass yazo;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eyenziwa ngamandla angaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, njengabasebenzi kunye namandla, ngexesha lokuqokelela, ukuqhutyelwa kokuqala, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo okanye i-bamboo shoots.
(3) Ukusetyenzwa kwemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenqanaba
Ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni: i-biomass yeemveliso ze-bamboo kunye nemveliso;
Ukubuyiswa okanye ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni: ukusetyenzwa kweentsalela kunye ne-biomass yazo;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuveliswa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle njengabasebenzi, amandla, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kweyunithi yokusetyenzwa, ukusetyenzwa kwemveliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso.
(4) Inqanaba lokuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa
Ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni: i-biomass yeemveliso ze-bamboo kunye nemveliso;
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni: Isixa sekhabhoni ekhutshwa kukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphandle afana nokuthuthwa kunye nabasebenzi ukusuka kumashishini ukuya kwimarike yokuthengisa.
(5) Inqanaba lokulahla
Ukukhutshwa kweKhabhoni: UGcino lweKhabhoni yeeMveliso zeNkunkuma; Ixesha lokubola kunye nemali yokukhulula.
Ngokungafaniyo namanye amashishini amahlathi, amahlathi e-bamboo afezekisa ukuzihlaziya emva kokugawulwa kwesayensi kunye nokusetyenziswa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphinda kuhlaziywe. Ukukhula kwehlathi le-bamboo kukwibhalansi eguqukayo yokukhula kwaye inokuqhubeka nokufunxa ikhabhoni engatshintshiyo, iqokelele kwaye igcine ikhabhoni, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo iphucula ukuthathwa kwekhabhoni. Umyinge wezinto eziluhlaza ze-bamboo ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso ze-bamboo awukho mkhulu, kwaye ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni kwexesha elide kunokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-bamboo.
Okwangoku, akukho phando malunga nomlinganiselo wekhabhoni yemveliso ye-bamboo kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo wobomi. Ngenxa yexesha elide lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngexesha lokuthengisa, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nezigaba zokulahla iimveliso ze-bamboo, i-carbon footprint yabo kunzima ukuyilinganisa. Enyanisweni, uvavanyo lwe-carbon footprint ngokuqhelekileyo lugxininisa kumanqanaba amabini: enye kukuqikelela ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwimveliso; Okwesibini kukuvavanya iimveliso ze-bamboo ukusuka kutyalo ukuya kwimveliso
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-17-2024
