Ishishini lephepha lendlu yangasese ekuveliseni amanzi amdaka, igesi emdaka, intsalela yenkunkuma, izinto ezinobuthi kunye nengxolo zinokubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo, ulawulo lwayo, ukuthintela okanye ukuphelisa unyango, ukuze imeko-bume ejikelezileyo ingachaphazeleki okanye ingachaphazeleki kangako, liye laba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini lephepha lendlu yangasese. Ishishini lephepha lendlu yangasese lingcoliseko olukhulu, kunye nokukhupha amanzi (ngokubanzi ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-300 zamanzi ngetoni yepulp kunye nephepha lendlu yangasese), amanzi amdaka akwizinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo, imfuno ye-oxygen ye-biochemical (BOD) iphezulu, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo (SS) ngaphezulu, kwaye ziqulethe izinto ezinobuthi, ezinombala onevumba elingaqhelekanga, ezibeka emngciphekweni ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ezichaphazela amashishini, ezolimo kunye nokufuya izilwanyana kunye nabemi bamanzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuqokelelana kweminyaka, izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo ziya kungcolisa izibuko lomlambo, kwaye zivelise ivumba elinobuthi le-hydrogen sulphide, umonakalo omkhulu.
Imithombo yongcoliseko Iinkqubo eziphambili kushishino lwephepha lendlu yangasese kukulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza, ukucola, ukubuyisa i-alkali, ukucola, ukukopa iphepha lendlu yangasese njalo njalo. Inkqubo yokulungiselela izinto eziluhlaza ivelisa uthuli, amaxolo, iinkuni, ingca; ukucola kunye nokubuyisela i-alkali, inkqubo yokucola ivelisa igesi yokukhupha umoya, uthuli, amanzi amdaka, intsalela yelayimu, njl.njl.; inkqubo yokukopa iphepha lendlu yangasese ivelisa amanzi amhlophe, konke oku kuqulathe ungcoliseko. Ungcoliseko lweshishini lephepha lendlu yangasese kwindalo lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezi-3 zongcoliseko lwamanzi (Itheyibhile 1), ungcoliseko lomoya (Itheyibhile 2) kunye nongcoliseko lwenkunkuma eqinileyo.
Inkunkuma eqinileyo yi-pulp ebolileyo, i-pulp slag, amaxolo, iinkuni eziqhekekileyo, ingca, iingcambu zengca, ingca, udaka olumhlophe olune-silica, i-lime slag, i-sulfuric iron ore slag, i-coal ash slag, njl.njl., ezingena kwindawo, ziphuma emanzini amdaka ukuze zingcolise amanzi kunye nemithombo yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Ingxolo, nayo yingxaki enkulu kushishino lwephepha langasese.
Ukuthintela nokulawula ungcoliseko kunokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: unyango olungenabungozi kwindawo kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka ngaphandle kwendawo.
Iphepha lendlu yangasese iYashi liyacutshungulwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yomzimba. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ayilimazi umzimba womntu. Imveliso egqityiweyo ayinazo iintsalela zeekhemikhali eziyingozi kwaye isempilweni kwaye ikhuselekile. Sebenzisa igesi yendalo endaweni yepetroli yendabuko ukuze uphephe ungcoliseko lomsi emoyeni. Susa inkqubo yokufunxa, gcina umbala wokuqala weefayibha zezityalo, unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwimveliso, uphephe ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka amdaka, kwaye ukhusele okusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-13-2024
