I-China lilizwe elineentlobo ezininzi ze-bamboo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo lwe-bamboo. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezityebileyo zezixhobo ze-bamboo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp obukhula ngakumbi, ishishini lokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp liyakhula kwaye isantya sotshintsho kunye nokuphucula siyanda. Ngo-2021, imveliso ye-bamboo pulp yelizwe lam yayiziitoni ezi-2.42 ezigidi, ukunyuka konyaka nge-10.5%; bekukho amashishini angama-23 emveliso ye-bamboo pulp engaphezulu kobukhulu obumiselweyo, enabasebenzi abangama-76,000 kunye nexabiso lemveliso eliyi-13.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi; bekukho amashishini angama-92 emveliso yephepha le-bamboo kunye nebhodi yephepha, enabasebenzi abangama-35,000 kunye nexabiso lemveliso eliyi-7.15 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi; bekukho amashishini emveliso yephepha elenziwe ngesandla angaphezu kwama-80 asebenzisa i-bamboo njengezinto zokwenza, enabasebenzi abamalunga nama-5,000 kunye nexabiso lemveliso elimalunga nama-700 ezigidi zeerandi zeerandi; Isantya sokuphelisa amandla okuvelisa angasemva siye sakhawuleza, kwaye iteknoloji yokupheka kunye ne-bleaching yeekhemikhali ephucukileyo, iteknoloji ye-chemical mechanical pulping esebenza kakuhle ngaphambi kokumilisa kunye ne-pulping kunye nezixhobo ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso ye-bamboo pulp. Ishishini lokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp yelizwe lam lisiya phambili ekuphuculeni nasekukhuleni.
Amanyathelo amatsha
NgoDisemba ka-2021, uLawulo lweMithi yamaHlathi kunye neNgcambu yeHlathi, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe kunye namanye amasebe ali-10 akhuphe ngokubambisana "Iimbono zokuKhawulezisa uBuchule kunye noPhuhliso lweShishini leBamboo". Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ziye zaqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo ngokulandelelana ukubonelela ngenkxaso eqinileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu lweshishini lebamboo, kubandakanya imboni ye-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha. Iindawo eziphambili zemveliso ye-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha zelizwe lam zigxile eSichuan, eGuizhou, eChongqing, eGuangxi, eFujian naseYunnan. Phakathi kwazo, iSichuan okwangoku lelona phondo likhulu lemveliso ye-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha kwilizwe lam. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iPhondo laseSichuan liye laphuhlisa ngamandla iqela elidibeneyo leshishini le-pulp kunye nephepha le-"bamboo-pulp-paper-processing-paper-sales", lenze uphawu oluphambili lwephepha le-bamboo pulp yasekhaya, kwaye laguqula izibonelelo zezixhobo ze-bamboo eziluhlaza zaba ziingenelo zophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, lafumana iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ngokusekelwe kwimithombo etyebileyo ye-bamboo, iSichuan iye yalima iintlobo ngeentlobo zehlathi le-bamboo elikumgangatho ophezulu, yaphucula umgangatho weziseko zehlathi le-bamboo, yatyala amahlathi e-bamboo kumathambeka angaphezu kwama-25 degrees kunye nomhlaba wezolimo ongengowesiseko onemathambeka angama-15 ukuya kuma-25 degrees kwimithombo yamanzi ebalulekileyo ehlangabezana nomgaqo-nkqubo, yakhuthaza ngokwesayensi ulawulo olunemilinganiselo emithathu yamahlathi e-bamboo, yaququzelela uphuhliso lwamahlathi e-bamboo emithi kunye namahlathi e-bamboo endalo, kwaye yaqinisa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo embuyekezo kunye nenkxaso-mali. Iindawo zokugcina i-bamboo ziye zanda ngokuthe chu. Ngo-2022, indawo yehlathi le-bamboo kweli phondo idlule kwi-18 yezigidi zeerandi, ibonelela ngesixa esikhulu sezinto eziluhlaza ze-bamboo fiber ezikumgangatho ophezulu zokucoca kunye nokwenza iphepha le-bamboo, ngakumbi iphepha lekhaya le-bamboo pulp yendalo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wephepha lekhaya le-bamboo pulp kwaye kuphuculwe ulwazi lophawu lwephepha lekhaya lemibala yendalo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, iSichuan Paper Industry Association ifake isicelo kwi-Ofisi yoRhwebo ye-Ofisi yoBugcisa boBugcisa boRhulumente ukuze kubhaliswe uphawu lwentengiso oluhlangeneyo lwe-"Bamboo Pulp Paper". Ukususela kumzabalazo wesandla esinye odlulileyo ukuya kuphuhliso oluphakathi nolukhulu, ukubambisana ngokubambisana ukuze kubekho ukufudumala kunye nentsebenziswano ephumelelayo kube ziingenelo eziphawulekayo zophuhliso lweSichuan Paper. Ngo-2021, bekukho amashishini ali-13 okukhupha i-bamboo ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo kwiPhondo laseSichuan, kunye nemveliso ye-bamboo pulp ye-1.2731 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-7.62%, okubangela i-67.13% yemveliso ye-bamboo pulp yokuqala yelizwe, apho malunga ne-80% yayisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iphepha lasekhaya; bekukho amashishini angama-58 ephepha le-bamboo pulp yasekhaya elinemveliso yonyaka ye-1.256 yezigidi zeetoni; bekukho amashishini angama-248 okucubungula iphepha le-bamboo pulp yasekhaya elinemveliso yonyaka ye-1.308 yezigidi zeetoni. Ama-40% ephepha le-bamboo pulp yasekhaya eliveliswayo lithengiswa kwiphondo, kwaye ama-60% athengiswa ngaphandle kwephondo nakwamanye amazwe ngamaqonga okuthengisa e-e-commerce kunye nephulo lesizwe elithi "Belt and Road". Ihlabathi lijonge eTshayina ukuze lifumane i-bamboo pulp, kwaye iTshayina ijonge eSichuan ukuze ifumane i-bamboo pulp. Uphawu lweSichuan "bamboo pulp paper" lufikelele kwihlabathi liphela.
Itekhnoloji entsha
Ilizwe lam lelona lizwe livelisa kakhulu i-pulp enyibilikisa i-bamboo pulp/bamboo, kunye nemigca eli-12 yemveliso ye-bamboo chemical pulp yanamhlanje enomthamo wemveliso wonyaka ongaphezulu kweetoni ezili-100,000, umthamo wemveliso iyonke weetoni ezi-2.2 yezigidi, apho iitoni ezingama-600,000 ziyi-pulp enyibilikisa i-bamboo. UFang Guigan, umphandi kunye nomphathi wobugqirha kwi-Institute of Forest Products Chemical Industry ye-Chinese Academy of Forestry, sele ezinikele kuphando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zeshishini le-pulping ecocekileyo yelizwe lam enesivuno esiphezulu. Uthe emva kwemizamo edibeneyo yeshishini, i-academia kunye nophando, abaphandi badlule kwiitekhnoloji eziphambili zemveliso ye-pulp/solving pulp ye-bamboo, kwaye ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokupheka kunye ne-bleaching kunye nezixhobo zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwimveliso ye-pulp ye-bamboo chemical pulp. Ngokuguqulwa nokusetyenziswa kweziphumo zophando lwesayensi nolwetekhnoloji ezifana "neTekhnoloji eNtsha yokuPulpa nokuPhepha okuSebenzayo kweBamboo" ukusukela kwi "Sicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeShumi elinesibini", ilizwe lam liye laqala ukusombulula ingxaki yokulinganisela ityuwa ye-N kunye ne-P kwinkqubo yokususa i-silicon yotywala obumnyama kunye nonyango lokukhupha ngaphandle. Kwangaxeshanye, kuye kwenziwa inkqubela phambili ekwandiseni umda wobumhlophe be-bamboo high-yield pulp bleaching. Phantsi kwemeko ye-agent ye-bleaching yezoqoqosho, ubumhlophe be-bamboo high-yield pulp bunyuke ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-65% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-70%. Okwangoku, abaphandi basebenza ukugqobhoza imiqobo yobuchwephesha efana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye nemveliso ephantsi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-bamboo pulp, kwaye bazama ukudala izibonelelo zexabiso kwimveliso ye-bamboo pulp kunye nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike yamazwe ngamazwe ye-bamboo pulp.
Amathuba amatsha
NgoJanuwari 2020, umyalelo omtsha wesizwe wokuthintela iplastiki wawuchaza umda wokuthintela iplastiki kunye nokukhethwa kwezinye iindlela, nto leyo eyazisa amathuba amatsha kwiinkampani zemveliso ye-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha. Iingcali zibonise ukuba phantsi kwemvelaphi ye-"dual carbon", i-bamboo, njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo sehlathi esingengomthi, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwemithi yehlabathi, uphuhliso oluluhlaza olunekhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nokuphucula indlela yokuphila yabantu. "Ukutshintsha iplastiki nge-bamboo" kunye "nokutshintsha umthi nge-bamboo" kunamandla amakhulu kunye namandla amakhulu ophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. I-bamboo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ine-biomass enkulu kwaye ityebile kwizixhobo. Umgangatho we-bamboo fiber morphology kunye nomxholo we-cellulose uphakathi komthi we-coniferous kunye nomthi we-broad-leaved, kwaye i-bamboo pulp eveliswayo iyafana ne-pulp yomthi. I-bamboo pulp fiber inde kuneyomthi we-broad-leaved, isakhiwo se-cell wall microstructure sikhethekile, amandla okubetha kunye nokuguquguquka kulungile, kwaye i-bleached pulp ineempawu ezilungileyo zokukhanya. Kwangaxeshanye, i-bamboo inomxholo ophezulu we-cellulose kwaye yinto ebalaseleyo ye-fiber eluhlaza yokwenza iphepha. Iimpawu ezahlukileyo ze-bamboo pulp kunye ne-wood pulp zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zephepha kunye nebhodi yephepha ephezulu. UFang Guigan uthe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini le-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha alunakwahlulwa kwizinto ezintsha: okokuqala, umgaqo-nkqubo wokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ukwandisa inkxaso yemali, kunye nokwakha nokuphucula iziseko ezifana neendlela, iindlela zekhebula, kunye neeslayidi kwiindawo zamahlathi e-bamboo. Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwizixhobo zokugawula, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zokugawula ezizenzekelayo nezikrelekrele, kuya kuphucula kakhulu imveliso yabasebenzi kwaye kunciphise iindleko zokugawula. Okwesithathu, imodeli yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, kwiindawo ezineemeko ezilungileyo zezixhobo, cwangcisa kwaye wakhe iipaki zoshishino zokucubungula i-bamboo, wandise ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso kwaye wandise ikhonkco lokucubungula, ufezekise ngokwenene ukusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni kwezixhobo ze-bamboo, kwaye wandise iingenelo zoqoqosho zoshishino lwe-bamboo. Okwesine, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwenzululwazi netekhnoloji, ukwandisa iintlobo zeemveliso zokucubungula i-bamboo, ezifana nezixhobo zokwakha i-bamboo, iibhodi ze-bamboo, ukucubungula okunzulu kwamagqabi e-bamboo, ukucubungula okunzulu kweetships ze-bamboo (amaqhuqhuva, umthubi we-bamboo, i-bamboo bran), ukusetyenziswa kwe-lignin enexabiso eliphezulu, kunye nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose (i-dissolving pulp); ukusombulula iingxaki zobugcisa eziphambili kwimveliso ye-bamboo pulp ngendlela ejolise kuyo kwaye ufezekise ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nezixhobo. Kumashishini, ngokuphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokunyibilikisa i-pulp, iphepha lasekhaya, kunye nephepha lokupakisha ukutya, kunye nokuqinisa ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwenkunkuma yefayibha kwimveliso, yindlela esebenzayo yokuphuma kwimodeli yenzuzo ephezulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufezekise uphuhliso oluphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-08-2024
