●Inkqubo yokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp
Ukususela ekuphuhlisweni ngempumelelo kwemizi-mveliso nokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo, kuye kwavela iinkqubo ezininzi ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe kunye neemveliso zokucubungula i-bamboo enye emva kwenye, nto leyo eye yaphucula kakhulu ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokugaya ngoomatshini yaseTshayina luye lwadlula kwindlela yendabuko yesandla kwaye luguquka lwaba yimodeli yemveliso yemizi-mveliso neyemizi-mveliso. Iinkqubo zemveliso ye-bamboo pulp ezidumileyo zangoku zezoomatshini, iikhemikhali kunye neekhemikhali. I-bamboo pulp yaseTshayina ikakhulu yikhemikhali, imalunga ne-70%; i-chemical mechanical ingaphantsi, ingaphantsi kwe-30%; ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ze-mechanical ukuvelisa i-bamboo pulp kunqunyelwe kwinqanaba lovavanyo, kwaye akukho ngxelo inkulu yemizi-mveliso.
1. Indlela yokugaya ngoomatshini
Indlela yokugaya ngoomatshini kukugaya i-bamboo ibe yimicu ngeendlela zoomatshini ngaphandle kokongeza iikhemikhali. Ineengenelo zokungcola okuphantsi, izinga eliphezulu lokugaya kunye nenkqubo elula. Phantsi kwemeko yokulawulwa kongcoliseko olungqongqo kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo ze-pulp yomthi kweli lizwe, i-pulp yoomatshini ye-bamboo iye yaxatyiswa kancinci kancinci ngabantu.
Nangona i-pulping yoomatshini ineengenelo zesantya esiphezulu se-pulping kunye nongcoliseko oluphantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-pulping kunye nokwenza iphepha lezinto ze-coniferous ezifana ne-spruce. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-lignin, uthuthu, kunye ne-1% ye-NAOH extract kwi-chemical composition ye-bamboo, umgangatho we-pulp awulunganga kwaye kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wephepha lorhwebo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kunqabile kwaye ikakhulu kukwinqanaba lophando lwesayensi kunye nophando lobuchwephesha.
2. Indlela yokuxuba ngekhemikhali
Indlela yokukhupha iikhemikhali isebenzisa i-bamboo njengezinto eziluhlaza kwaye isebenzisa indlela ye-sulfate okanye indlela ye-sulfite ukwenza i-bamboo pulp. Izinto eziluhlaza ze-bamboo ziyahluzwa, zihlanjwe, zisuswe amanzi emzimbeni, ziphekwe, zifakwe i-caustic, zihluzwe, zihlanjwe nge-countercurrent, zivaliwe, zicocwe nge-oxygen, zifakwe i-bleach kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza i-bamboo pulp. Indlela yokukhupha iikhemikhali ingakhusela i-fiber kwaye iphucule izinga lokukhupha. I-pulp efunyenweyo ikumgangatho ophezulu, icocekile kwaye ithambile, kulula ukuyikhupha i-bleach, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iphepha lokubhala elikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nephepha lokuprinta.
Ngenxa yokususwa kwenani elikhulu le-lignin, uthuthu kunye nezinye izinto ezikhutshiweyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha iikhemikhali, izinga lokukhupha ii-bamboo pulping liphantsi, ngokubanzi liyi-45% ~ 55%.
3. Ukutsalwa kweMishini yeKhemikhali
I-Chemical Mechanical Pulping yindlela yokukhupha i-bamboo njengezinto eziluhlaza kwaye idibanisa ezinye iimpawu ze-chemical pulping kunye ne-mechanical pulping. I-Chemical Mechanical Pulping ibandakanya indlela ye-semi-chemical, indlela ye-chemical mechanical kunye nendlela ye-chemical thermomechanical.
Kwi-bamboo pulping kunye nokwenza iphepha, izinga lokuphamba kwe-chemical mechanical pulping liphezulu kunelo le-chemical pulping, elinokufikelela kwi-72% ~ 75%; umgangatho we-pulp ofunyenwe yi-chemical mechanical pulping uphezulu kakhulu kunowo we-mechanical pulping, onokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo zokuveliswa kwephepha lempahla. Kwangaxeshanye, iindleko zokubuyisela i-alkali kunye nonyango lwelindle nazo ziphakathi kwe-chemical pulping kunye ne-mechanical pulping.
▲Umgca weMveliso yokuPulping yeBamboo
●Izixhobo zokwenza iphepha leBamboo Pulp
Izixhobo zecandelo lokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp ziyafana nezo zecandelo lokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp. Umahluko omkhulu kwizixhobo zokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp usezigabeni zokulungiselela ezifana nokusika, ukuhlamba kunye nokupheka.
Ngenxa yokuba i-bamboo inesakhiwo esingenanto, izixhobo zokusika zahlukile kwezomthi. Izixhobo zokusika i-bamboo (ukugquma) ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ikakhulu i-roller bamboo cutter, i-disc bamboo cutter kunye ne-drum chipper. Ii-roller bamboo cutters kunye nee-disc bamboo cutters zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa umgangatho wee-bamboo chips ezicutshungulwayo (uhlobo lwe-bamboo chip) awulunganga njengowee-drum chippers. Abasebenzisi banokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokusika (ukugquma) ngokwenjongo ye-bamboo pulp kunye neendleko zemveliso. Kwizityalo ze-bamboo pulp ezincinci neziphakathi (imveliso <100,000 t/a), izixhobo zokusika i-bamboo zasekhaya zanele ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso; kwizityalo ze-bamboo pulp ezinkulu (imveliso ≥100,000 t/a), izixhobo zokusika (ukugquma) ezinkulu eziphucuke kwihlabathi liphela zinokukhethwa.
Izixhobo zokuhlamba iitshiphusi zebhambo zisetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola, kwaye iimveliso ezininzi ezinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi zixeliwe eTshayina. Ngokubanzi, kusetyenziswa ii-vacuum pulp washers, ii-pressure pulp washers kunye nee-belt pulp washers. Amashishini aphakathi namakhulu angasebenzisa ii-double-roller displacement press pulp washers ezintsha okanye ii-pulp washers ezinamandla zokususa amanzi.
Izixhobo zokupheka iitships zebamboo zisetyenziselwa ukuthambisa iitships zebamboo kunye nokwahlula iikhemikhali. Amashishini amancinci naphakathi asebenzisa iimbiza zokupheka ezithe nkqo okanye ii-cooker ezithe tye ezinetyhubhu ethe tyaba. Amashishini amakhulu angasebenzisa ii-cooker eziqhubekayo zeCamille ezine-diffusion washing ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye isivuno se-pulp siya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa kuya kunyusa iindleko zotyalo-mali oluqhutywa kube kanye.
1. Ukwenziwa kwephepha le-bamboo pulp kunamandla amakhulu
Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwezixhobo ze-bamboo zaseTshayina kunye nohlalutyo lokufaneleka kwe-bamboo ngokwayo ekwenzeni iphepha, ukuphuhlisa ngamandla ishishini le-bamboo pulping akunakuphelisa nje ingxaki yezixhobo eziqinileyo zokhuni kwishishini lephepha laseTshayina, kodwa kukwayindlela esebenzayo yokutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwezinto eziluhlaza kwishishini lephepha kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiitships zokhuni ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ezinye iingcali ziye zahlalutya ukuba ixabiso leyunithi ye-bamboo pulp ngeyunithi nganye liphantsi malunga ne-30% kunelepayini, i-spruce, i-eucalyptus, njl.njl., kwaye umgangatho we-bamboo pulp ulingana nowe-pulp yokhuni.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwephepha lehlathi yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso
Ngenxa yeengenelo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nezivuselelayo ze-bamboo, ukuqinisa ukulima amahlathi akhethekileyo e-bamboo akhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuseka isiseko semveliso ye-bamboo pulp edibanisa amahlathi kunye nephepha kuya kuba yindlela yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini laseTshayina lokwenza i-pulp kunye nephepha, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiitships kunye ne-pulp yomthi engeniswa kwamanye amazwe, kunye nokuphuhlisa amashishini kazwelonke.
3. Ukukhupha i-Cluster bamboo pulping kunamandla amakhulu ophuhliso
Kwishishini lokucubungula i-bamboo langoku, ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenziwe nge-moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu), esetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa izinto zasekhaya kunye nezinto zokwakha. Ukwenziwa kwephepha le-bamboo pulp papermaking kukwasebenzisa ikakhulu i-moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu) kunye ne-cycad bamboo njengezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezenza imeko yokhuphiswano lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye ayilungelanga uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini. Ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo ze-bamboo eluhlaza ezikhoyo, ishishini lokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp kufuneka liphuhlise ngamandla iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-bamboo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo i-cycad bamboo enexabiso eliphantsi, i-giant dragon bamboo, i-phoenix tail bamboo, i-dendrocalamus latiflorus kunye nezinye i-clumping bamboo zokucoca nokwenza iphepha, kwaye ziphucule ukhuphiswano lwemarike.
▲I-bamboo edibeneyo ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo se-pulp
Ixesha leposi: Sep-04-2024
