Iimpawu zekhemikhali zezinto zoqalo

Izinto ze-bamboo zinomxholo ophezulu we-cellulose, zimile njengefayibha encinci, zineempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kwaye ziplastiki. Njengenye into elungileyo yokwenza iphepha lemithi, i-bamboo inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-pulp zokwenza iphepha eliphakathi neliphezulu. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ze-bamboo kunye neempawu zefayibha zineempawu ezilungileyo ze-pulping. Ukusebenza kwe-bamboo pulp kukwindawo yesibini emva kwe-coniferous wood pulp, kwaye kungcono kune-badge-leaved wood pulp kunye ne-grass pulp. IMyanmar, iIndiya kunye namanye amazwe aphambili kwihlabathi kwicandelo le-bamboo pulping kunye ne-papermaking. Iimveliso ze-bamboo pulp kunye nephepha zaseTshayina zithengwa kakhulu zivela eMyanmar naseIndiya. Ukuphuhlisa ngamandla ishishini le-bamboo pulping kunye ne-papermaking kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukunqongophala kwezinto ze-bamboo pulp ezikhoyo ngoku.

I-bamboo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokubanzi ingavunwa kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemine. Ukongeza, amahlathi e-bamboo anefuthe elinamandla lokuqiniswa kwekhabhoni, okwenza iingenelo zoqoqosho, zendalo kunye nezentlalo zeshishini le-bamboo zibonakale ngakumbi. Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zemveliso ye-bamboo pulp yaseTshayina ziye zakhula kancinci kancinci, kwaye izixhobo eziphambili ezifana nokucheba kunye nokugquma ziye zaveliswa ekhaya. Imigca yemveliso yokwenza iphepha le-bamboo elikhulu neliphakathi iye yaphuhliswa kwaye yafakwa kwimveliso eGuizhou, eSichuan nakwezinye iindawo.

Iimpawu zekhemikhali ze-bamboo
Njengezinto zebhayomass, i-bamboo inamacandelo amathathu aphambili eekhemikhali: i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, kunye ne-lignin, ukongeza kwinani elincinci le-pectin, i-starch, i-polysaccharides, kunye ne-wax. Ngokuhlalutya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu ze-bamboo, sinokuqonda iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwe-bamboo njenge-pulp kunye nezinto zephepha.
1. I-bamboo inomthamo ophezulu we-cellulose
Iphepha eligqityiweyo eliphezulu lineemfuno eziphezulu zezinto eziluhlaza zepulp, ezifuna umxholo we-cellulose uphezulu, kokukhona umxholo we-lignin, i-polysaccharides kunye nezinye izicatshulwa uphantsi, kokukhona kungcono. UYang Rendang nabanye bathelekise izinto eziphambili zeekhemikhali zezinto ze-biomass ezifana ne-bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), i-masson pine, i-poplar, kunye ne-wheat straw baza bafumanisa ukuba umxholo we-cellulose yayiyi-masson pine (51.20%), i-bamboo (45.50%), i-poplar (43.24%), kunye ne-wheat straw (35.23%); umxholo we-hemicellulose (pentosan) yayiyi-poplar (22.61%), i-bamboo (21.12%), i-wheat straw (19.30%), kunye ne-masson pine (8.24%); umxholo we-lignin yayiyi-bamboo (30.67%), i-masson pine (27.97%), i-poplar (17.10%), kunye ne-wheat straw (11.93%). Kuyabonakala ukuba phakathi kwezinto ezine ezithelekiswayo, i-bamboo sisixhobo esiluhlaza esilandela i-masson pine kuphela.
2. Iifayibha zebhambo zinde kwaye zinomlinganiselo omkhulu wobuso
Ubude obuqhelekileyo beefayibha ze-bamboo yi-1.49~2.28 mm, ububanzi obuphakathi yi-12.24~17.32 μm, kwaye umlinganiselo we-aspect yi-122~165; ubukhulu obuphakathi bodonga lwefayibha yi-3.90~5.25 μm, kwaye umlinganiselo wodonga ukuya kumgodi yi-4.20~7.50, oluyifayibha enodonga oluqinileyo olunomlinganiselo omkhulu we-aspect. Izinto ze-pulp zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-cellulose evela kwizinto ze-biomass. Izinto ezilungileyo ze-biofiber zokwenza iphepha zifuna umxholo ophezulu we-cellulose kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-lignin, ongenakunyusa kuphela isivuno se-pulp, kodwa nokunciphisa uthuthu kunye nee-extracts. I-bamboo ineempawu zeefayibha ezinde kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu we-aspect, okwenza i-fiber idibane amaxesha amaninzi kwindawo nganye emva kokuba i-bamboo pulp yenziwe iphepha, kwaye amandla ephepha angcono. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza kwe-pulping ye-bamboo kusondele kulowo womthi, kwaye kunamandla kunezinye izityalo zengca ezifana nomququ, umququ wengqolowa, kunye ne-bagasse.
3. Ifayibha yebhambo inamandla aphezulu efayibha
I-bamboo cellulose ayipheleli nje ekuvuselelekeni, ekuboleni, ehambelana ne-bio, ethanda amanzi, kwaye ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokumelana nobushushu kunye noomatshini, kodwa ikwanazo neempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini. Abanye abaphengululi benze uvavanyo lokutsalwa kwiintlobo ezili-12 zeefayibha ze-bamboo baza bafumanisa ukuba i-elastic modulus kunye namandla okutsalwa kwazo adlula lawo eefayibha zomthi wehlathi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. UWang et al. bathelekise iimpawu zoomatshini zokutsalwa kweentlobo ezine zeefayibha: i-bamboo, i-kenaf, i-fir, kunye ne-ramie. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-tensile modulus kunye namandla efayibha ye-bamboo ayephezulu kunezinye izinto ezintathu zefayibha.
4. I-bamboo inomlotha omninzi kunye nomxholo wokukhupha
Xa kuthelekiswa nomthi, i-bamboo inomxholo ophezulu wothuthu (malunga ne-1.0%) kunye ne-1% ye-NAOH extract (malunga ne-30.0%), eya kuvelisa ukungcola okungakumbi ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha, into engafanelekanga ekukhutshweni nasekunyangweni kwamanzi amdaka kwishishini le-pulp nephepha, kwaye iya kunyusa iindleko zotyalo-mali kwezinye izixhobo.

Okwangoku, umgangatho weemveliso zephepha le-bamboo pulp yeYashi Paper ufikelele kwiimfuno ezisemgangathweni ze-EU ROHS, uphumelele uvavanyo lwe-EU AP (2002)-1, i-US FDA kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni wokutya zamazwe ngamazwe, uphumelele isiqinisekiso se-FSC 100% sehlathi, kwaye ikwayinkampani yokuqala eSichuan ukufumana isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kunye nempilo eTshayina; kwangaxeshanye, ithathwe njengemveliso "yokujonga umgangatho wesampulu eqinisekisiweyo" yiZiko leSizwe loVavanyo lweeMveliso zePhepha kangangeminyaka elishumi ilandelelana, kwaye ikwaphumelele amawonga afana ne-"National Quality Stable Qualified Brand and Product" evela kwi-China Quality Tour.